This study aimed to create a basis and understanding for introducing early detection and specific interventions of radiation induced lung injury (RILI). Both single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA analyses were used to encompass a bioinformatic approach. This was used to overall track the expression of module genes across various cell populations. This expression was also analyzed through immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The findings of this study was that 268 differentially expressed genes were found, with 61 being correlated to oxidative stress. Of this, four genes were found to have an association with RILI A diagnostic model was created with five main genes including Kit, Stk4, Ets1, Sesn2, and Aaas. Many of these model genes were involved in key pathways such as MAPK signaling. It was also found that there were fluctuations in the infiltration patterns of 13 immune cell types such as activated CD4 T and B cells. Specifically in mice models, Sesn2 and Aaas were found to be upregulated and Kit, Stk4, and Ets1 were downregulated. Overall, this analysis showed that 5 key genes were involved with RILI and its signaling pathways.